Diabetes Mellitus Adult Onset (250.00)
Coronary Artery Disease Native Artery
(414.01)
Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease Benign
(402.10)
Hyperlipoproteinemia, Fredrickson Type (272.2)
Hyperlipoproteinemia
Background: Hyperlipoproteinemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by
abnormally elevated concentrations of specific lipoprotein particles in the
plasma.
Pathophysiology: Hyperlipidemia, elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride
levels or both, is present in all hyperlipoproteinemias.
The primary form includes chylomicronemia,
hypercholesterolemia, dysbetalipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipoproteinemia,
and combined hyperlipoproteinemia. Other diseases,
such as diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, renal
disease, and hypothyroidism, cause the secondary form.
Frequency: In the
Mortality/Morbidity: If uncontrolled, higher mortality occurs from
cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Abnormalities of the vascular system can
develop, including ischemic cardiac disease. It is important to obtain
appropriate medical evaluation, especially in patients younger than 40 years
who have a prominent corneal arcus, xanthelasma, or lipemia retinalis.
Race: African Americans are affected more frequently
than whites.
Clinical manifestations of the hyperlipoproteinemias
are caused by deposition of lipids in the vascular system and the eye.
Drugs are used to lower
cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Because of the
possibility of side effects and the question of whether triglyceride level is
an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, many
physicians use drugs to reduce triglyceride levels only when they exceed 500
mg/100 mL.
Weight reduction and a diet low in
saturated fat and cholesterol are advocated.
Diet: A low-fat diet is
recommended, including fruit, vegetables, chicken, and fish.
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